Evolution of a Movement
Subtitle
Four Decades of California Environmental Justice Activism
Despite living and working in California, one of the county's most environmentally progressive states, environmental justice activists have spent decades fighting for clean air to breathe, clean water to drink and safe, healthy communities. "Evolution of a Movement" tells their story — from the often-raucous protests of the 1980s and 1990s to activists' growing presence inside the halls of the state capitol in the 2000s and 2010s. Tracy E. Perkins traces how shifting political contexts combined with activists' own efforts to institutionalize their work within nonprofits and state structures. By revealing these struggles and transformations, Perkins offers a new lens for understanding environmental justice activism in California.
Drawing on case studies and 125 interviews with activists from Sacramento to the California-Mexico border, Perkins explores the successes and failures of the environmental justice movement in California. She shows why some activists have moved away from the disruptive "outsider" political tactics common in the movement's early days and embraced traditional political channels of policy advocacy, electoral politics and working from within the state's political system to enact change. Although some see these changes as a sign of the growing sophistication of the environmental justice movement, others point to the potential of such changes to blunt grassroots power. At a time when environmental justice scholars and activists face pressing questions about the best route for effecting meaningful change, this book provides insight into the strengths and limitations of social movement institutionalization.
Bio
Tracy Perkins<strong> </strong>is an assistant professor in the School of Social Transformation at Arizona State University. She specializes in social inequality, social movements and the environment through a focus on environmental justice activism. In addition to her academic writing, Perkins documents environmental justice activism for public audiences.
Praise for this book
How can social movements most effectively make lasting change — through reform or revolution? This impressive study offers an innovative and deeply engaging exploration of how this foundational question played out over several decades within California's environmental justice movement. This is truly original scholarship that challenges long-held assumptions about one of the most significant grassroots political formations of our time.
David N. Pellow Author of "What Is Critical Environmental Justice?" and Dehlsen Professor of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara
Tracy Perkins not only reframes the history of the environmental justice movement, but explores how and why activists have pursued particular strategies in relation to the state. Focusing on environmental justice in California, 'Evolution of a Movement' addresses one of the most pressing environmental justice issues today — that of political strategy. An invaluable contribution to the literature on environmental justice.
Laura Pulido Collins Chair and Professor of Indigenous Studies, Race, and Ethnic Studies, University of Oregon
